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Do Increases in VO2max cause Improved Performance? (Read 1005 times)

Rich_


    Do Increases in VO2max Cause Improved Performance?

    If you are an experienced runner then you have likely heard it many times - VO2max limits performance and increasing VO2max causes improvements in performance.

    This belief is both widely held and commonly promoted within the running community and has led to runners and coaches devising workouts specifically designed to increase VO2max.  For example, Pfitzinger & Douglas, in their book Road Racing for Serious Runners, devote an entire chapter to training methods for improving VO2max and speed.(1)  In the introduction to the chapter titled Training to Improve VO2max and Speed they write "Many serious runners know that improving VO2max, or aerobic capacity, is key to racing better.” and “In this chapter, we’ll show you why and how to improve the two main components of racing fitness that runners try to develop with hard workouts – VO2max and basic speed.” In their view VO2max isn’t just important, it is key to racing well.  They spend much of the chapter explaining what VO2max is and prescribing workouts specifically designed to increase it.  

    Another example comes from Dr Jack Daniels in his book, Daniels Running Formula.  He writes "To optimize VO2max, the runner must stress the oxygen delivery and processing system to its limit while performing the act of running.  I assign a phase of interval training...to accomplish this goal."(2)  Dr. Daniels thinks VO2max is important enough to assign an entire phase of training to optimizing VO2max.

    Runners and coaches aren’t alone in this belief; exercise scientists believe it too.  The link between VO2max and performance is strong enough that physiologists have conducted research studies designed to identify training techniques that will maximize VO2max.(3)

    Which, of course, brings us to an obvious question; what does the research have to say on the subject?  After all, any physiological belief this strongly-held and generally taught must be supported by the research, right?

    Actually, no, it isn’t supported by the research.

    A recent review of the research (4) on this topic revealed that:
    •    “…in well trained athletes VO2max remains stable even when performance is shown to increase.”
    •    “…in these athletes the correlation between VO2max and aerobic performance can be poor.”
    •    “…although rarely acknowledged, in the small longitudinal studies that have linked changes in VO2max with changes in aerobic performance, the data have been unconvincing.”
    •    “…studies using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, recreationally active subjects, and endurance-trained athletes did not observe a correlation between the magnitude of training-induced improvements in VO2max and aerobic performance.”

    All of these quotes indicate that the link between VO2max and performance is not what many have long believed and promoted.  The fact is that changes in VO2max and performance are not cause/effect as runners have been taught for so many years.  The data does not prove that improving VO2max is what causes improvement in performance; in actuality, the data in support of that belief is slim at best.

    In 2009 a group of scientists who knew and acknowledged that the data was equivocal decided to revisit this topic.  They designed a study to settle the issue by having a relatively large cohort of previously untrained subjects undergo a supervised six week cycling program.  By monitoring changes in performance and various physiological parameters, such as VO2max, they were able to provide definitive insights about the link between changes in performance and aerobic capacity.  

    The basic finding was this - “This study demonstrates that improvements in high-intensity aerobic performance in humans are not related to altered maximal oxygen transport capacity.”

    In other words, changes in VO2max did not cause improvements in performance.  

    Yes, VO2max improved in the subjects.  And, yes, performance improved too.  But the changes are not related to each other.  “The change in VO2max was not related to the change in time trial performance.”  

    Training does improve both VO2max and performance but these researchers “…demonstrated that these adaptations do not occur in proportion to each other and do not appear to be determined by the same physiological or biochemical parameters.”  In others words, the physiological factors within the body that cause performance to improve are not the same factors that cause VO2max to improve.  The things within the body responsible for VO2max improvements are not the same things within the body that cause performance to improve.

    The practical implication of this research is this – training specifically designed to optimize VO2max may or may not be the best training to maximize performance.  Since different factors are responsible for changes in VO2max and performance, then training to optimize VO2max may not fully train those factors responsible for maximizing performance.

    Does this mean you should abandon training designed to maximize VO2max?  No, it doesn’t.  It means that coaches and runners should not have a goal to maximize VO2max.  Instead the goal should be to maximize performance.  VO2max should be ignored and performance should be center-stage.  There is no need to ever measure VO2max in an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of a workout or a program.  The only standard by which to judge training effectiveness should be performance.

    References:
    1.  Pfitzinger P, Douglass S, Road Racing for Serious Runners, 1999, Chapter 2
    2.  Daniels, Jack, Daniels Running Formula, 1st edition, 1998, page 39
    3.  Midgley A, McNaughton L, Wilkinson M., Is there an optimal training intensity for enhancing the maximum oxygen uptake of distance runners?  Empirical research findings, current opinions, physiological rationale and practical recommendations.  Sports Med, 35: 117-132, 2006
    4.  Vollard N, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Fredriksson K, Rooyackers O, Jansson E, greenhaff P, Timmons J, Sundberg C., Systematic analysis of adaptations in aerobic capacity and submaximal energy metabolism provides a unique insight into determinants of human aerobic performance, J. Appl. Physiol., 106: 1279-1286, 2009
    Rich
    World's Fastest Slow Runner
    Scout7


    CPT Curmudgeon

      Misrepresentations aside, my only goal when training is to get faster over a given distance.  I don't give a rodent's hindquarters about what goes on in my body while doing that.  I have never "trained VO2max".  I don't even know how you do that.  I just run.  Sometimes hard, mostly easy.
        It was wonderful to walk down the long flights of stairs knowing that I'd had good luck working. I always worked until I had something done and I always stopped when I knew what was going to happen next. That way I could be sure of going on the next day. But sometimes when I was started on a new story and I could not get going, I would sit in front of the fire and squeeze the peel of the little oranges into the edge of the flame and watch the sputter of blue that they made. I would stand and look out over the roofs of Paris and think, "Do not worry. You have always written before and you will write now. All you have to do is write one true sentence. Write the truest sentence you know." So finally I would write one true sentence, and then go on from there. It was easy then because there was always one true sentence that I knew or had seen or had heard someone say. If I started to write elaborately, or like someone introducing or presenting something, I found that I could cut the scrollwork or ornament out and throw it away and start with the first true simple declarative sentence I had written.

        If we don’t try we’ll never know. At least I can find out how good I can be.  I can have an answer at the end of the days, and have a hell of a good time with the process. -Desi Davila

          Ahh, Big Dick's back, without the profile or silly "slowest fast guy" or "fastest slow guy" tag line.  The answer to your question, btw, is "Who cares?" 

          JimR


            It's always entertaining when Richard posts something.

             

            Funny thing, you go to somewhere like The Run Zone and see tinman's wonderful detail, a busy discussion board and lots of back and forth, and people actually really showing good improvement when they work with tinman.

             

            Then you look at Richard's junk site, and his discussion board, and there's nothing.  One post only in the last 5 months.  What's really entertaining, somebody actually asked Richard for advice, so Rich gives him the '3 times a week...really low mileage...blah blah blah' and that was almost a year and a half ago.  So...a year goes by, this guy does what Richard says and it takes several months but he knocks a few seconds off his 1 1/2 mile time.  So then he asks Richard that he just falls apart after four laps and wants some advice.  So here's what Richard gives him:

             

             

            Will:
            Richard, So after following this program for 5 months i took my 1.5 mile time down fro 11:10 to 10:41. Usually I lifted in the PM and ran in the AM.

            My next question for you is how do I get past the wall that i hit o the fifth lap after running four hard laps?

            Thanks for all your help

            Will 

             
             
            Richard:
            Will,

            I don't have an obvious answer for you. Pacing is the only thing I can suggest that might have an immediate impact on total time for 5 laps. Long term, once the easy gains are achieved, long term gains come slower and at a smaller magnitude than we might like.

            Sorry I can't offer more.  

             

            "Sorry I can't offer more" <---- this should be Richard's motto

             

             

             


            We've Got Big Hills

              Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,
              Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
              While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
              As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
              `'Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door -
              Only this, and nothing more.'

              Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,
              And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
              Eagerly I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrow
              From my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow for the lost Lenore -
              For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore -
              Nameless here for evermore.

              And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
              Thrilled me - filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
              So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
              `'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door -
              Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; -
              This it is, and nothing more,'

              Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
              `Sir,' said I, `or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
              But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
              And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
              That I scarce was sure I heard you' - here I opened wide the door; -
              Darkness there, and nothing more.

              Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
              Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before
              But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,
              And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, `Lenore!'
              This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, `Lenore!'
              Merely this and nothing more.

              Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
              Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
              `Surely,' said I, `surely that is something at my window lattice;
              Let me see then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore -
              Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore; -
              'Tis the wind and nothing more!'

              Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
              In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore.
              Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
              But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door -
              Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door -
              Perched, and sat, and nothing more.

              Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
              By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
              `Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,' I said, `art sure no craven.
              Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the nightly shore -
              Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!'
              Quoth the raven, `Nevermore.'

              Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
              Though its answer little meaning - little relevancy bore;
              For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
              Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door -
              Bird or beast above the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
              With such name as `Nevermore.'

              But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only,
              That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
              Nothing further then he uttered - not a feather then he fluttered -
              Till I scarcely more than muttered `Other friends have flown before -
              On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before.'
              Then the bird said, `Nevermore.'

              Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
              `Doubtless,' said I, `what it utters is its only stock and store,
              Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful disaster
              Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore -
              Till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden bore
              Of "Never-nevermore."'

              But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,
              Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door;
              Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
              Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore -
              What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
              Meant in croaking `Nevermore.'

              This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
              To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
              This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
              On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er,
              But whose velvet violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o'er,
              She shall press, ah, nevermore!

              Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
              Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
              `Wretch,' I cried, `thy God hath lent thee - by these angels he has sent thee
              Respite - respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore!
              Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget this lost Lenore!'
              Quoth the raven, `Nevermore.'

              `Prophet!' said I, `thing of evil! - prophet still, if bird or devil! -
              Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
              Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted -
              On this home by horror haunted - tell me truly, I implore -
              Is there - is there balm in Gilead? - tell me - tell me, I implore!'
              Quoth the raven, `Nevermore.'

              `Prophet!' said I, `thing of evil! - prophet still, if bird or devil!
              By that Heaven that bends above us - by that God we both adore -
              Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
              It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels named Lenore -
              Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, whom the angels named Lenore?'
              Quoth the raven, `Nevermore.'

              `Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!' I shrieked upstarting -
              `Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore!
              Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
              Leave my loneliness unbroken! - quit the bust above my door!
              Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!'
              Quoth the raven, `Nevermore.'

              And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
              On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
              And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,
              And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
              And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
              Shall be lifted - nevermore!

              I'm running somewhere tomorrow. It's going to be beautiful. I can't wait.

               

              Poor baby


              Hawt and sexy

                Tinman is still doing his silly stuff?  He announced like 2 years ago that he would be done with the online 'coaching.' Something about having a kid if I recall correctly. I guess I figured we were finally rid of him.  This is not the case?

                I'm touching your pants.


                lace 'em up!

                  Tinman is still doing his silly stuff?  He announced like 2 years ago that he would be done with the online 'coaching.' Something about having a kid if I recall correctly. I guess I figured we were finally rid of him.  This is not the case?

                   

                  Yes, but why do you call it silly?  

                  He provided a plan to me for 2 months of training last year. I credit his technique for dropping over 7minutes off of my 1/2M time. 

                  Happyfeet


                    I truly wonder if anyone ever set out to improve their VO2max, and not their performance.  Sorry if I am feeding the troll, bit bored on Friday


                    lace 'em up!

                      I truly wonder if anyone ever set out to improve their VO2max, and not their performance.  Sorry if I am feeding the troll, bit bored on Friday

                       

                      Only the kind of people that lose a football game but say, "Who cares about that. Our QB's rating was higher."


                      Prince of Fatness

                        tl:dr

                        There is a long dark road ahead of me.


                        mileage hound

                          I just threw up a little in my mouth.

                          2012 goals:  Fastest race times since 2006.


                          What does Tunis make?

                            It's actually not that hard to improve your VO2max. What you wanna do, is put a smaller number in the time box of the VO2max calculator.

                            It's a 5k. It hurt like hell...then I tried to pick it up. The end.

                              It's actually not that hard to improve your VO2max. What you wanna do, is put a smaller number in the time box of the VO2max calculator.

                               
                              Brilliant!!!  Thanks.


                              No offense.

                                I've improved my VO2Max so much, it's VO5.

                                 

                                 

                                I never get tired of that joke.

                                 

                                I will not list my standard warning, disclaimer, etc regarding the oddity known as Rich.  If you've not beaten your head against this particular door before, just note that he gets off on people poking him.

                                Ultima tastes like failure.

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